Missing rtl_nic/rtl8105e-1.fw

[Gary]

While I was installing I got an error message about some missing
firmware. Sadly, this happens to be the firmware for my WLAN card. I
had to skip the setup of the network because of this.

So the first step is getting the firmware for the WLAN card. I've seen
a couple of suggestions for this. Either
$ apt-get install firmware-realtek
or
$ apt-get install linux-firmware-nonfree

Actually, neither of those work because the packages aren't in the
debian-6.0.5-amd64-DVD-1.iso (and hence not on the DVD I burned).
Obviously I can't use the network at this point, so I'm stuck with
getting it off a CD or DVD. I'm guessing one or both packages are in
one of the other isos? How can I find out which one(s)? Is there a
way of installing the package without downloading a whole new .iso?

The next step will be getting the networking side up and running. How
will I have to go about configuring things once I'veinstalled the .fw?
I do have an old copy of the O'Reilly "Running Linux"(from 1996...).
Is everything there still valid? That is, edit rc.inet1 and rc.inet2,
and /etc/hosts, /etc/networks, /etc/host.conf and /etc/resolv.conf?

TIA,
Gary

[Yasin SULUHAN]

You can download the firmware from here:
http://packages.debian.org/squeeze/firmware-realtek

copy it in a flash disc and use it during the installation process... the
installation process should give you an option to do so....

Post by Gary
While I was installing I got an error message about some missing
firmware. Sadly, this happens to be the firmware for my WLAN card. I
had to skip the setup of the network because of this.
So the first step is getting the firmware for the WLAN card. I've seen
a couple of suggestions for this. Either
$ apt-get install firmware-realtek
or
$ apt-get install linux-firmware-nonfree
Actually, neither of those work because the packages aren't in the
debian-6.0.5-amd64-DVD-1.iso (and hence not on the DVD I burned).
Obviously I can't use the network at this point, so I'm stuck with
getting it off a CD or DVD. I'm guessing one or both packages are in
one of the other isos? How can I find out which one(s)? Is there a
way of installing the package without downloading a whole new .iso?
The next step will be getting the networking side up and running. How
will I have to go about configuring things once I'veinstalled the .fw?
I do have an old copy of the O'Reilly "Running Linux"(from 1996...).
Is everything there still valid? That is, edit rc.inet1 and rc.inet2,
and /etc/hosts, /etc/networks, /etc/host.conf and /etc/resolv.conf?
TIA,
Gary
--
with a subject of "unsubscribe". Trouble? Contact

--
Best Regards.

Yasin SULUHAN
Asterisk Telephony Infrastructure Consultant

Contact Information

Mobile: [phone]
Blog: http://planetvoip.wordpress.com/

[Brian]

Post by Gary
While I was installing I got an error message about some missing
firmware. Sadly, this happens to be the firmware for my WLAN card. I
had to skip the setup of the network because of this.
So the first step is getting the firmware for the WLAN card. I've seen
a couple of suggestions for this. Either
$ apt-get install firmware-realtek
or
$ apt-get install linux-firmware-nonfree

Download either package. Put it on a USB stick. Transfer to the Debian
OS. Install with

dpkg -i <complete_package_name>

[Gary]

Post by Brian

Post by Gary
While I was installing I got an error message about some missing
firmware. Sadly, this happens to be the firmware for my WLAN card. I
had to skip the setup of the network because of this.
So the first step is getting the firmware for the WLAN card. I've seen
a couple of suggestions for this. Either
$ apt-get install firmware-realtek
or
$ apt-get install linux-firmware-nonfree

Download either package. Put it on a USB stick. Transfer to the Debian
OS. Install with
  dpkg -i <complete_package_name>

Okay. Done. Thanks. What do I have to do after this? It seemed to go okay, but there's no signof life from the WLAN adaptor :(

[Brian]

Post by Gary

Post by Brian
Download either package. Put it on a USB stick. Transfer to the Debian
OS. Install with
  dpkg -i <complete_package_name>

Okay. Done. Thanks. What do I have to do after this? It seemed to go
okay, but there's no signof life from the WLAN adaptor :(

In /etc/network/interfaces:

allow-hotplug wlan0
iface wlan0 inet dhcp
wpa-ssid yourESSID
wpa-psk "yourPSK"

Then

ifup -v wlan0 (You may have to do ifdown -v wlan0 first)

Check for association and getting an address with the iwconfig and
ifconfig commands.

On the other hand you might want to wait for someone to guide you
through using Network Manager, which I am not familiar with.

[Gary]

Post by Gary

Post by Brian
Install with
   dpkg -i <complete_package_name>

Okay. Done. Thanks. What do I have to do after this? It seemed to go
okay, but there's no signof life from the WLAN adaptor :(

Just to be clear. There is a light on the keyboard which indicates whether the adaptor is on or not. It does not show it as being okay.

  allow-hotplug wlan0
    iface wlan0 inet dhcp
    wpa-ssid yourESSID
    wpa-psk "yourPSK"
Then
  ifup -v wlan0    (You may have to do ifdown -v wlan0 first)

Doesn't work :(

***@jadetree:/home/gary# ifup -v wlan0
Configuring interface wlan0=wlan0 (inet)
run-parts --verbose /etc/network/if-pre-up.d
run-parts: executing /etc/network/if-pre-up.d/wireless-tools
run-parts: executing /etc/network/if-pre-up.d/wpasupplicant
wpa_supplicant: using default driver type: wpa-driver wext
wpa_supplicant: /sbin/wpa_supplicant -s -B -P /var/run/wpa_supplicant.wlan0.pid -i wlan0 -D wext -C /var/run/wpa_supplicant
Starting /sbin/wpa_supplicant...
ioctl[SIOCGIFFLAGS]: No such device
Could not get interface 'wlan0' flags
ioctl[SIOCSIWPMKSA]: No such device
ioctl[SIOCSIWMODE]: No such device
Could not configure driver to use managed mode
ioctl[SIOCGIWRANGE]: No such device
(etc.)
ioctl[SIOCGIFFLAGS]: No such device
wpa_supplicant: /sbin/wpa_supplicant daemon failed to start
run-parts: /etc/network/if-pre-up.d/wpasupplicant exited with return code 1

dhclient -v -pf /var/run/dhclient.wlan0.pid -lf /var/lib/dhcp/dhclient.wlan0.leases wlan0
Internet Systems Consortium DHCP Client 4.1.1-P1
Copyright 2004-2010 Internet Systems Consortium.
All rights reserved.
For info, please visit https://www.isc.org/software/dhcp/

SIOCSIFADDR: No such device
wlan0: ERROR while getting interface flags: No such device
wlan0: ERROR while getting interface flags: No such device
Bind socket to interface: No such device
Failed to bring up wlan0.

Check for association and getting an address with the iwconfig and
ifconfig commands.

I'm probably happier with plain text config files, TBH :)

[Brian]

Post by Gary
Doesn't work :(

[Very useful output log snipped]

Post by Gary
Starting /sbin/wpa_supplicant...
ioctl[SIOCGIFFLAGS]: No such device

Now, why isn't the device seen?

Check that rtl8105e-1.fw is in /lib/firmware/ and please post the line
in the output of 'lspci' which describes your wireless card. Have you
got a /etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules file? Is wlan*
mentioned? Delete the file anyway; it will be regenerated. Reboot.

If everything is ok (no hidden SSID, I hope) the network should be
brought up automatically. Otherwise, run ifdown/ifup again.

[Sven Joachim]

Post by Brian

Post by Gary
Doesn't work :(

[Very useful output log snipped]

Post by Gary
Starting /sbin/wpa_supplicant...
ioctl[SIOCGIFFLAGS]: No such device

Now, why isn't the device seen?

Maybe because the firmware is not loaded onto it? I think the kernel
module needs to be reloaded to do that.

Cheers,
Sven

[Brian]

Post by Sven Joachim

Post by Brian

Post by Gary
Doesn't work :(

[Very useful output log snipped]

Post by Gary
Starting /sbin/wpa_supplicant...
ioctl[SIOCGIFFLAGS]: No such device

Now, why isn't the device seen?

Maybe because the firmware is not loaded onto it? I think the kernel
module needs to be reloaded to do that.

You are most likely correct. A reboot should resolve it but it would be
more elegant to do

modprobe <whatever_the_module_is>

[Gary]

Post by Brian

Post by Gary
Doesn't work :(

[Very useful output log snipped]

Post by Gary
Starting /sbin/wpa_supplicant...
ioctl[SIOCGIFFLAGS]: No such device

Now, why isn't the device seen?
Check that rtl8105e-1.fw is in /lib/firmware/

***@jadetree:/home/gary# find /lib/firmware/ -name rtl8105e-1.fw
/lib/firmware/rtl_nic/rtl8105e-1.fw

Post by Brian
  and please post the line
in the output of 'lspci' which describes your wireless card.

***@jadetree:/home/gary# lspci
[...]
07:00.0 Network controller: RaLink Device 5390

Post by Brian
Have you
got a /etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules file? Is wlan*

mentioned?  Delete the file anyway; it will be regenerated. Reboot.

***@jadetree:/home/gary# find /etc/udev/rules.d -name 70-persistent-net.rules
/etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules
***@jadetree:/home/gary# rm /etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules

It reappeared after reboot, but there's still no sign of activity :(
(No, the ssid isn't hidden.)

[Gary]

Post by Brian

Post by Brian
Have you
got a /etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules file? Is wlan* mentioned?  Delete the file anyway; it will be regenerated. Reboot.

/etc/udev/rules.d/70-persistent-net.rules
It reappeared after reboot, but there's still no sign of activity :(

No, only the wired ethernet adaptor is mentioned.

[Brian]

Post by Gary
[...]
07:00.0 Network controller: RaLink Device 5390

Have a search with "Debian wiki RaLink 5390". We could have a problem
here.

[Camaleón]

Post by Gary
While I was installing I got an error message about some missing
firmware. Sadly, this happens to be the firmware for my WLAN card. I had
to skip the setup of the network because of this.

Don't you have a wired card? Using the ethernet interface is more stable/
reliable than using wireless, even more when installing an OS.

Also, remember that only WEP encryption is available when installing
Squeeze.

Post by Gary
So the first step is getting the firmware for the WLAN card. I've seen a
couple of suggestions for this. Either $ apt-get install
firmware-realtek
or
$ apt-get install linux-firmware-nonfree
Actually, neither of those work because the packages aren't in the
debian-6.0.5-amd64-DVD-1.iso (and hence not on the DVD I burned).
Obviously I can't use the network at this point, so I'm stuck with
getting it off a CD or DVD. I'm guessing one or both packages are in one
of the other isos? How can I find out which one(s)? Is there a way of
installing the package without downloading a whole new .iso?

All of your above concerns are explained in detail here:

http://wiki.debian.org/Firmware/

Post by Gary
The next step will be getting the networking side up and running. How
will I have to go about configuring things once I'veinstalled the .fw? I
do have an old copy of the O'Reilly "Running Linux"(from 1996...). Is
everything there still valid? That is, edit rc.inet1 and rc.inet2, and
/etc/hosts, /etc/networks, /etc/host.conf and /etc/resolv.conf?

Nah... forget that oldie thingy ;-P. I'd prefer any of these:

http://www.debian.org/doc/manuals/debian-reference/ch05.en.html
http://wiki.debian.org/NetworkConfiguration
http://debian-handbook.info/browse/stable/sect.config-network.html

Greteings,

[Sven Joachim]

Post by Gary
While I was installing I got an error message about some missing
firmware. Sadly, this happens to be the firmware for my WLAN card. I
had to skip the setup of the network because of this.
So the first step is getting the firmware for the WLAN card.

I'm not sure this is really the problem; rtl8105e-1.fw is requested by
the r8169 ethernet driver and not by any wireless driver. So it could
simply be the case that your WLAN card is not supported by the Squeeze
kernel. What does "lspci -vk" print?

Cheers,
Sven

[Gary]

Post by Sven Joachim

Post by Gary
While I was installing I got an error message about some missing
firmware. Sadly, this happens to be the firmware for my WLAN card. I
had to skip the setup of the network because of this.
So the first step is getting the firmware for the WLAN card.

I'm not sure this is really the problem; rtl8105e-1.fw is requested by
the r8169 ethernet driver and not by any wireless driver.  So it could
simply be the case that your WLAN card is not supported by the Squeeze
kernel.  What does "lspci -vk" print?

*blink* That's *really* embarrassing! I could have sworn... :(

Results of lspci (abbreviated) are:
02:00.0 Unassigned class [ff00]: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. Device 5209 (rev 01)
    Subsystem: Hewlett-Packard Company Device 3577
    Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 5
    Memory at 90300000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=4K]
    Capabilities: [40] Power Management version 3
    Capabilities: [50] MSI: Enable- Count=1/1 Maskable- 64bit+
    Capabilities: [70] Express Endpoint, MSI 00
    Capabilities: [100] Advanced Error Reporting
    Capabilities: [140] Device Serial Number 00-00-00-01-00-4c-e0-00

06:00.0 Ethernet controller: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL8101E/RTL8102E PCI Express Fast Ethernet controller (rev 05)
    Subsystem: Hewlett-Packard Company Device 3577
    Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 27
    I/O ports at 2000 [size=256]
    Memory at 90104000 (64-bit, prefetchable) [size=4K]
    Memory at 90100000 (64-bit, prefetchable) [size=16K]
    Capabilities: [40] Power Management version 3
    Capabilities: [50] MSI: Enable+ Count=1/1 Maskable- 64bit+
    Capabilities: [70] Express Endpoint, MSI 01
    Capabilities: [b0] MSI-X: Enable- Count=4 Masked-
    Capabilities: [d0] Vital Product Data
    Capabilities: [100] Advanced Error Reporting
    Capabilities: [140] Virtual Channel
    Capabilities: [160] Device Serial Number 00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00
    Kernel driver in use: r8169

07:00.0 Network controller: RaLink Device 5390
    Subsystem: Hewlett-Packard Company Device 1636
    Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 11
    Memory at 90200000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=64K]
    Capabilities: [40] Power Management version 3
    Capabilities: [50] MSI: Enable- Count=1/32 Maskable- 64bit+
    Capabilities: [70] Express Endpoint, MSI 00
    Capabilities: [100] Advanced Error Reporting
    Capabilities: [140] Device Serial Number 00-00-a2-3e-45-19-d8-60

The last one is my wireless adaptor. An Ralink RT5390 802.11b/g/n WiFi Adaptor.

So maybe my wired adaptor will work? I can try that in a bit.

Still confused why the wireless doesn't work.

[Sven Joachim]

Post by Gary
The last one is my wireless adaptor. An Ralink RT5390 802.11b/g/n WiFi Adaptor.
So maybe my wired adaptor will work?

Probably.

Post by Gary
Still confused why the wireless doesn't work.

It's not supported by the 2.6.32 kernel. Installing a 3.2 kernel and
firmware-ralink from squeeze-backports should make it work.

Cheers,
Sven

[Gary]

Post by Sven Joachim

Post by Gary
The last one is my wireless adaptor. An Ralink RT5390 802.11b/g/n WiFi Adaptor.
So maybe my wired adaptor will work?

Probably.

It does :)

Post by Sven Joachim

Post by Gary
Still confused why the wireless doesn't work.

It's not supported by the 2.6.32 kernel.  Installing a 3.2 kernel and
firmware-ralink from squeeze-backports should make it work.

Okay. That's my plan for tomorrow evening, then. I tried simply installing the ralink package and it didn't work, but apparently that's to be expected.

Thanks everyone, especially Brian who presumably helped get my wired connection working, even if we didn't realise it at the time.

[Gary]

Post by Sven Joachim

Post by Gary
Still confused why the wireless doesn't work.

It's not supported by the 2.6.32 kernel.  Installing a 3.2 kernel and
firmware-ralink from squeeze-backports should make it work.

I'm guessing this is a "get source and compile" jobby. Is there a HOWTO/tutorial anywhere specific to this kernel version? I did this years ago (so long ago that I once recompiled a kernel for what must be "bo", going by the version numbers...), but things have surely changed since then.

[Sven Joachim]

Post by Gary

Post by Sven Joachim

Post by Gary
Still confused why the wireless doesn't work.

It's not supported by the 2.6.32 kernel.  Installing a 3.2 kernel and
firmware-ralink from squeeze-backports should make it work.

I'm guessing this is a "get source and compile" jobby.

No, squeeze-backports has binary packages (linux-image-3.2*) that you
can just install.

Cheers,
Sven

[Gary]

Post by Sven Joachim

Post by Gary
I'm guessing this is a "get source and compile" jobby.

No, squeeze-backports has binary packages (linux-image-3.2*) that you
can just install.

Ooh! That's nice! Thanks!

[Gary]

 >
 >> > Still confused why the wireless doesn't work.
 >>
 >> It's not supported by the 2.6.32 kernel.  Installing a 3.2 kernel and
 >> firmware-ralink from squeeze-backports should make it work.
 >
 > I'm guessing this is a "get source and compile" jobby.
 
 No, squeeze-backports has binary packages (linux-image-3.2*) that you
 can just install.

That didn't go well :(

I installed the packages, and then the one that that process complained was missing/out of date (our old friend the realtek package). Restarted. After selecting one of the 3.2 kernel options, the computer effectively froze, with lines all over the screen. So badly I had to pull the plug :(

[Keith McKenzie]

[...]

Post by Gary
That didn't go well :(
I installed the packages, and then the one that that process complained was missing/out of date (our old friend the realtek package). Restarted. After selecting one of the 3.2 kernel options, the computer effectively froze, with lines all over the screen. So badly I had to pull the plug :(

Did you try your old kernel with the new firmware installed?
(That is what I do.)

[Gary]

Post by Keith McKenzie

Post by Gary
I installed the packages, and then the one that that process complained was missing/out of date (our old friend the realtek package). Restarted. After selecting one of the 3.2 kernel options, the computer effectively froze, with lines all over the screen. So badly I had to pull the plug :(

Did you try your old kernel with the new firmware installed?
(That is what I do.)

Well that still works in that I have a running system, but the wifi doesn't work. The firmware is not for the wifi card as I previously thought, it's for the ethernet card.

Oh, when starting using the 3.2 kernel and the realtek firmware, the light on the wifi button on the keyboard was flashing like crazy. At least there are signs of life from that when I use 3.2. Shame the rest of the computer won't play along!

[Brian]

Post by Gary

 >
 >> > Still confused why the wireless doesn't work.
 >>
 >> It's not supported by the 2.6.32 kernel.  Installing a 3.2 kernel and
 >> firmware-ralink from squeeze-backports should make it work.
 >
 > I'm guessing this is a "get source and compile" jobby.
 
 No, squeeze-backports has binary packages (linux-image-3.2*) that you
 can just install.

That didn't go well :(

It might not be a bad idea to detail what didn't go well. How you went
about getting the kernel and firmware-ralink packages, commands used,
which kernel etc.

Post by Gary
I installed the packages, and then the one that that process
complained was missing/out of date (our old friend the realtek
package). Restarted. After selecting one of the 3.2 kernel options,
the computer effectively froze, with lines all over the screen. So
badly I had to pull the plug :(

Any progress here?

[Gary]

Post by Brian

Post by Gary

 No, squeeze-backports has binary packages (linux-image-3.2*) that you
 can just install.

That didn't go well :(

It might not be a bad idea to detail what didn't go well. How you went
about getting the kernel and firmware-ralink packages, commands used,
which kernel etc.

Post by Gary
I installed the packages, and then the one that that process
complained was missing/out of date (our old friend the realtek
package). Restarted. After selecting one of the 3.2 kernel options,
the computer effectively froze, with lines all over the screen. So
badly I had to pull the plug :(

Any progress here?

As mentioned, I installed the binary packages. Essentially I added
http://backports.debian.org/debian-backports to the software
sources, setting Dist to squeeze-backports and Components to main &
non-free. Then I performed
  apt-get -t squeeze-backports install linux-image-3.2
and
  apt-get -t squeeze-backports install firmware-realtek

They seemed to go okay but the system doesn't start with the new
kernels - on startup it gets part way through before covering the
screen with horizontal lines and seems to hang.

The kernel is 3.2.0-0.bpo.2-rt-amd64.

[Selim T. Erdogan]

Post by Gary

Post by Brian

Post by Gary

 No, squeeze-backports has binary packages (linux-image-3.2*) that you
 can just install.

That didn't go well :(

It might not be a bad idea to detail what didn't go well. How you went
about getting the kernel and firmware-ralink packages, commands used,
which kernel etc.

Post by Gary
I installed the packages, and then the one that that process
complained was missing/out of date (our old friend the realtek
package). Restarted. After selecting one of the 3.2 kernel options,
the computer effectively froze, with lines all over the screen. So
badly I had to pull the plug :(

Any progress here?

As mentioned, I installed the binary packages. Essentially I added
http://backports.debian.org/debian-backports to the software
sources, setting Dist to squeeze-backports and Components to main &
non-free. Then I performed
  apt-get -t squeeze-backports install linux-image-3.2
and
  apt-get -t squeeze-backports install firmware-realtek
They seemed to go okay but the system doesn't start with the new
kernels - on startup it gets part way through before covering the
screen with horizontal lines and seems to hang.
The kernel is 3.2.0-0.bpo.2-rt-amd64.

^^
Don't know if it matters but "rt" above is the realtime kernel. You
might want to try with one of the other 3.2 kernels on backports to see
if it helps.

[Wayne Topa]

Post by Gary

Post by Sven Joachim

Post by Gary
While I was installing I got an error message about some missing
firmware. Sadly, this happens to be the firmware for my WLAN card. I
had to skip the setup of the network because of this.
So the first step is getting the firmware for the WLAN card.

I'm not sure this is really the problem; rtl8105e-1.fw is requested by
the r8169 ethernet driver and not by any wireless driver. So it could
simply be the case that your WLAN card is not supported by the Squeeze
kernel. What does "lspci -vk" print?

*blink* That's *really* embarrassing! I could have sworn... :(
02:00.0 Unassigned class [ff00]: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. Device 5209 (rev 01)
Subsystem: Hewlett-Packard Company Device 3577
Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 5
Memory at 90300000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=4K]
Capabilities: [40] Power Management version 3
Capabilities: [50] MSI: Enable- Count=1/1 Maskable- 64bit+
Capabilities: [70] Express Endpoint, MSI 00
Capabilities: [100] Advanced Error Reporting
Capabilities: [140] Device Serial Number 00-00-00-01-00-4c-e0-00
06:00.0 Ethernet controller: Realtek Semiconductor Co., Ltd. RTL8101E/RTL8102E PCI Express Fast Ethernet controller (rev 05)
Subsystem: Hewlett-Packard Company Device 3577
Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 27
I/O ports at 2000 [size=256]
Memory at 90104000 (64-bit, prefetchable) [size=4K]
Memory at 90100000 (64-bit, prefetchable) [size=16K]
Capabilities: [40] Power Management version 3
Capabilities: [50] MSI: Enable+ Count=1/1 Maskable- 64bit+
Capabilities: [70] Express Endpoint, MSI 01
Capabilities: [b0] MSI-X: Enable- Count=4 Masked-
Capabilities: [d0] Vital Product Data
Capabilities: [100] Advanced Error Reporting
Capabilities: [140] Virtual Channel
Capabilities: [160] Device Serial Number 00-00-00-00-00-00-00-00
Kernel driver in use: r8169
07:00.0 Network controller: RaLink Device 5390
Subsystem: Hewlett-Packard Company Device 1636
Flags: bus master, fast devsel, latency 0, IRQ 11
Memory at 90200000 (32-bit, non-prefetchable) [size=64K]
Capabilities: [40] Power Management version 3
Capabilities: [50] MSI: Enable- Count=1/32 Maskable- 64bit+
Capabilities: [70] Express Endpoint, MSI 00
Capabilities: [100] Advanced Error Reporting
Capabilities: [140] Device Serial Number 00-00-a2-3e-45-19-d8-60
The last one is my wireless adaptor. An Ralink RT5390 802.11b/g/n WiFi Adaptor.
So maybe my wired adaptor will work? I can try that in a bit.
Still confused why the wireless doesn't work.

Maybe you need to in stall the right firmware package.

***@dj:~$ srch Ralink
firmware-ralink - Binary firmware for Ralink wireless cards


I am lazy- srch is an alias for apt-cache search Ralink

WT